Research progress of a new immune checkpoint inhibitor T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain in anti-tumor immunotherapy / 中国热带医学

@#The T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor mainly expressed on active T-cells, or natural killer cells (NK cells) that activate negative stimulus signals in immune cells by combining with multiple ligands on the surface of target cells including tumor cells and infected cells. TIGIT plays an important regulatory role in the immune pathogenesis of tumors, viral infections and various autoimmune diseases by inhibiting the over activation of cells and the over secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent researches show that TIGIT is highly expressed in T cells and NK cells of cancer patients, and is related to disease progression and poor clinical prognosis. Researchers try to enhance the activity of T cells or NK cells by blocking the binding of TIGIT and its ligand for therapeutic intervention. At present, there have been many reports about the use of anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody treatment in different mouse tumor models leading to tumor regression, TIGIT has received extensive attention in cancer immunotherapy as a promising target for next generation cancer immunotherapy. Several clinical trials are currently evaluating the efficacy of anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in patients with several cancers. The most advanced candidate, tiragolumab, has exhibited remarkable efficacy in programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients in phase Ⅱ clinical trials, in combination with PD-L1 blockade. However, the specific mechanism of TIGIT blockade remains to be fully elucidated.

The Etiological Study of Three Hunter Syndrome Families in Southern China / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo reveal the molecular pathogenesis of Hunter syndrome in three families in southern China and to clarify the correlation between phenotype and genotype， so as to lay a foundation for future prenatal or preimplantation genetic diagnosis. MethodsOn the basis of initial clinical diagnosis and pedigree analysis， qualitative detection of glycosaminoglycans in urine was performed first， and then anticoagulant blood samples were collected from the children and their relatives. DNA was extracted and the IDS gene sequence was analyzed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Various methods such as RT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis were used to identify the pathogenicity of the new variants. ResultsThe urine test results of the patients in the three families were all strongly positive（++）. Probands were all male， with hemizygous mutations in IDS gene from their mothers， and the mutation sites were c.615_622delCATACAGT， c.847_848delGT and IVS7 ds+1 G>A， respectively. The cross-species conservation analysis showed that the amino acid of IDS gene mutation site was highly conserved during species evolution. Compared with the normal protein， mutant proteins exhibited significant differences in the predicted results of advanced structure. The variants identified in the three families were classified as pathogenic by ACMG criteria. ConclusionsThe three probands were diagnosed with Hunter syndrome. The c.615_622del（p.Il206Valfs*18）， c.847_848del（p.Val283Alafs*57） and IVS7 ds+1 G>A （p.G336Dfs*12） of IDS gene are all novel pathogenic mutations， which are the underlying causes of morbidity in children. This study has further enriched the mutation spectrum of IDS gene.

Effects of Paclitaxel and Quizartinib Alone and in Combination on AML Cell Line MV4-11 and Its STAT5 Signal Pathway / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of paclitaxel, quizartinib and their combination on proliferation, apoptosis and FLT3/STAT5 pathway of human leukemia cell line MV4-11 (FLT3-ITD+).@*METHODS@#MV4-11 cells were treated with paclitaxel and quizartinib at different concentrations for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively, and then the two drugs were combined at 48 h to compare the inhibition of proliferation, the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, the expression of FLT3 and STAT5 mRNA was determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of FLT3, p-FLT3, STAT5 and p-STAT5 was determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Different combination groups of paclitaxel and quizartinib had synergistic inhibitory effect. The cell survival rate in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the single drug group (P<0.05). The cell apoptosis rate in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the single drug group (P<0.001). The expression of FLT3 mRNA in combination group was significantly higher than that in two single drugs (P<0.01). The expression of STAT5 mRNA in combination group was significantly higher than that in quizartinib group (P<0.001); increased compared with paclitaxel group, but there was no statistical significance. The expression level of p-FLT3、p-STAT5 protein in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the single drug group (P<0.05, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Paclitaxel combined with quizartinib can synergistically inhibit the proliferation of MV4-11 cell line and promote the apoptosis of MV4-11 cell line by inhibiting the activity of FLT3/STAT5 pathway.

Historical Evolution and Modern Research Progress of Rehmanniae Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Rehmanniae Radix is a common medicine of traditional Chinese medicine， which has the function of nourishing Yin and tonifying the kidney， and has a long application history of processing. This medicine was first recorded in Synopsis of Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》）， which was mainly produced by steaming and boiling. Its processing materials were diverse. In addition to rice wine， honey， Amomi Fructus， milk， Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum， and Carthami Flos were also recorded in ancient books， but with the evolution of time， the characteristic excipients gradually disappeared. Based on this， starting with different excipients， the author consulted the classics of materia medica and processing specifications in various regions， sorted out the historical evolution of Rehmanniae Radix processing， and explored new methods and new ideas to exert the maximum efficacy on this basis. At the same time， the effects of different processing excipients on the chemical components and pharmacodynamic effects of Rehmanniae Radix were analyzed. After literature review， it was found that Rehmanniae Radix mainly had the effects of clearing heat and cooling blood， nourishing Yin and generating fluid. Its traditional processing excipients generally used rice wine， Carthami Flos and others. After processing with different excipients， there was different effects on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Rehmanniae Radix. In summary， this paper can provide useful reference for standardized research on different processed products of Rehmanniae Radix.

Molecular Mechanism of Shengxiantang in Treating Myasthenia Gravis： Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo predict the pharmacodynamic basis and core target of Shengxiantang in the treatment of myasthenia gravis （MG） by network pharmacology and molecular docking and to further verify the molecular mechanism through animal experiment. MethodThe active components and potential targets of Shengxiantang were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and the disease-related targets from GeneCards and other databases. Then the common targets of the decoction and the disease were screened out， followed by the construction of protein-protein interaction （PPI） network， and Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment of the common targets based on STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.2. Afterward， Cytoscape 3.8.2 was employed to construct the disease-active component-target network. AutoDock and PyMOL were used for molecular docking of key components and hub genes. Finally， we used the Rα97-116 peptide to induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis （EAMG） in rats and then verified the core target yielded in the docking with the model rats. ResultA total of 655 disease-related targets， 118 active components of the decoction， 21 common targets of the disease and the decoction， and 3 hub genes were screened out. The common targets were mainly involved in the GO terms of regulation of active oxygen metabolism， positive regulation of protein transport， and positive regulation of protein localization， and the KEGG pathways of toll-like receptor signaling pathway， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway， hypoxia inducible factor-1 （HIF-1） signaling pathway， and T cell receptor signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that quercetin and Akt1 had the lowest and stable binding energy and interacted with each other through the amino acid residue LYS-30. Western blot demonstrated that Shengxiantang significantly inhibited the expression of p-Akt protein in the spleen of EAMG rats. ConclusionThe pharmacological mechanism of Shengxiantang in the treatment of MG may be that the main chemical components regulate the expression of the core protein Akt， and then may participate in and affect PI3K/Akt signaling pathways， laying a theoretical and experimental basis for further research.

Research Progress of Zebrafish Model in Toxicology and Its Application Prospects in Forensic Science / 法医学杂志

In recent years, zebrafish model has been widely concerned and recognized by scholars at home and abroad. As an animal model, zebrafish is of great research value because it is easy to feed, easy to operate, observe and analyze, and the model results can be highly combined with human body test data. Zebrafish model has been widely used in many fields, including basic medical science, clinical medicine, agricultural production, environmental toxicology and forensic science. This review introduces the biological characteristics of zebrafish, summarizes the research progress of zebrafish model in toxicology, and discusses the application prospect of zebrafish model in forensic science.

Exploring the Mechanism of Paclitaxel Inhibiting T-cell Lymphoma based on High-throughput Sequencing and Public Databases / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze gene expression profile of T cell lymphoma Jurkat cell line treated with paclitaxel by computational biology based on next generation sequencing and to explore the possible molecular mechanism of paclitaxel resistance to T cell lymphoma at gene level.@*METHODS@#IC50 of paclitaxel on Jurkat cell line was determined by CCK-8 assay. Gene expression profile of Jurkat cells treated with paclitaxel was acquired by next generation sequencing technology. Gene microarray data related to human T cell lymphoma were screened from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (including 720 cases of T cell lymphoma and 153 cases of normal tissues). Combined with the sequencing data, differential expression genes (DEGs) were intersected and screened. DAVID database was used for enrichment analysis of GO function and KEGG pathway to determine and visualize functional entries of DEGs, and protein-protein interactions network of DEGs was drawn. The levels of gene expression were detected and verified by RT-qPCR.@*RESULTS@#CCK-8 results showed that the proliferation of Jurkat cells was inhibited by paclitaxel depended on the concentration apparently. Treated by paclitaxel for 48 h, P<0.05 and |log2(FC)|≥1 were used as filter criteria on the results of RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) and GeoChip, 351 DEGs were found from Jurkat cells, including 323 up-regulated genes and 28 down-regulated genes. The GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the role of paclitaxel was mainly concentrated in protein heterodimerization activity, nucleosome assembly and transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, etc. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with those of the sequencing analysis, which verified the reliability of this sequencing.@*CONCLUSION@#Paclitaxel can affect the proliferation and apoptosis of T-cell lymphoma by up-regulating JUN gene, orphan nuclear receptor NR4A family genes and histone family genes.

Burden of Outpatient Visits Attributable to Ambient Temperature in Qingdao, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Climate change has been referred to as one of the greatest threats to human health, with reports citing likely increases in extreme meteorological events. In this study, we estimated the relationships between temperature and outpatients at a major hospital in Qingdao, China, during 2015-2017, and assessed the morbidity burden. The results showed that both low and high temperatures were associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits. High temperatures were responsible for more morbidity than low temperatures, with an attributed fraction (AF) of 16.86%. Most temperature-related burdens were attributed to moderate cold and hot temperatures, with AFs of 5.99% and 14.44%, respectively, with the young (0-17) and male showing greater susceptibility. The results suggest that governments should implement intervention measures to reduce the adverse effects of non-optimal temperatures on public health-especially in vulnerable groups.

Efficacy of abdominal ultrasound inspection in the diagnosis and prognosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the most useful ultrasound (US) features associated with definite neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and their prognostic values, particularly the calculated markers combined with important features. METHODS: A total of 213 suspected NEC cases were collected from the neonatal department of our hospital from January 2015 to August 2017. Each infant received both X-ray and US examinations. RESULTS: No differences were found in sex composition and delivery modes between groups. NEC-positive neonates had poorer prognosis compared to negative ones. The NEC group showed a higher frequency of abnormal signals. US showed higher NEC-related frequencies in different parameters. A variable (named predictor in US [PUS]) with five features was constructed. For NEC diagnosis, this variable provided a much higher area under the curve Q2 (AUC) (0.965) than other parameters. In this model, PUS had a cutoff value of 0.376 with a 0.900 sensitivity and 0.922 specificity. In prognosis, the closest factors were selected to draw a receiver operating characteristic curve, as well as a novel calculated variable US prognostic (USPro) marker. USPro had a much higher AUC (0.86) than other single features and showed a cutoff value of 0.18145, with 0.75 sensitivity and 0.84 specificity. This variable had a weaker power in prognosis when compared with PUS in diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The application of abdominal color Doppler US can provide high accuracy and sensitivity in NEC diagnosis and also contribute to its prognosis, without induction of radiation. Suspected neonates should be examined using this technique as early as possible.

Utilizing benchmarked dataset and gene regulatory network to investigate hub genes in postmenopausal osteoporosis

Objective: The objective of this paper was to investigate hub genes of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO) utilizing benchmarked dataset and gene regulatory network (GRN). Materials and Methods: To achieve this goal, the first step was to benchmark the dataset downloaded from the ArrayExpress database by adding local noise and global noise. Second, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PO and normal controls were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray Data package based on benchmarked dataset. Third, five kinds of GRN inference methods, which comprised Zscore, GeneNet, context likelihood of relatedness (CLR) algorithm, Partial Correlation coefficient with Information Theory (PCIT), and GEne Network Inference with Ensemble of trees (Genie3), were described and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and precision and recall (PR) curves. Finally, GRN constructed according to the method with best performance was implemented to conduct topological centrality (closeness) for the purpose of investigate hub genes of PO. Results:A total of 236 DEGs were obtained based on benchmarked dataset of 20,554 genes. By assessing Zscore, GeneNet, CLR, PCIT, and Genie3 on the basis of ROC and PR curves, Genie3 had a clear advantage than others and was applied to construct the GRN which was composed of 236 nodes and 27,730 edges. Closeness centrality analysis of GRN was carried out, and we identified 14 hub genes (such as TTN, ACTA1, and MYBPC1) for PO. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have identified 14 hub genes (such as TN, ACTA1, and MYBPC1) based on benchmarked dataset and GRN. These genes might be potential biomarkers and give insights for diagnose and treatment of PO

Risk factors for surgical-site infections after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a study in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#About 10% of patients get a surgical-site infection (SSI) after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, but SSI remains controversial among surgeons. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for SSIs after radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer to guide clinical therapies and reduce the incidence of SSI.@*METHODS@#The study was a retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. SSI was defined in accordance with the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. We evaluated patient-related and peri-operative variables that could be risk factors for SSIs. The Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between these risk factors and SSI.@*RESULTS@#Among the 590 patients, 386 were men and 204 were women. The mean age was 56.6 (28-82) years and 14.2% (84/590) of these patients had an SSI. Among them, incisional SSI was observed in 23 patients (3.9%) and organ/space SSI in 61 patients (10.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified sex (odds ratios [ORs] = 2.548, and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.268-5.122, P = 0.009), total gastrectomy (OR = 2.327, 95% CI: 1.352-4.004, P = 0.002), albumin level (day 3 after surgery) <30 g/L (OR = 1.868, 95% CI: 1.066-3.274, P = 0.029), and post-operative total parenteral nutrition (OR = 2.318, 95% CI: 1.026-5.237, P = 0.043) as independent risk factors for SSI.@*CONCLUSIONS@#SSI was common among patients after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The method supporting post-operative nutrition and the duration of prophylactic antibiotics may be important modifiable influencing factors for SSI.

Laboratory study on chain-killing efficacy of four gel baits / 上海预防医学

Objective To study the first-time killing efficacy and the chain-killing efficacy of four gel baits against Blattella germanica: 1% chlorpyrifos, 0.05% fipronil, 2.15% imidacloprid, and 0.5% dinotefuran and provide a basis for drug selection in controlling Blattella germanica. Methods Laboratory killing efficacy test was conducted according to the national standard GB/T 13917.7-2009 and the chain-killing efficacy test was conducted for three rounds.The first round of chain efficacy test was conducted by feeding the cockroaches killed in the laboratory efficacy test, and each next round by feeding the cockroaches killed in the last round.Median lethal time (LT50), 95% confidence limit, and toxicological regression equation of each test were calculated by software DPS V9.01. Results The LT50 of the efficacy test with 1% chlorpyrifos gel bait was 0.745 5 (0.603 4-0.890 3) d.The LT50 of the first, second and third chain experiments increased by 3.30, 2.18 and 2.76 times, respectively.The LT50 of the efficacy test with 0.05% fipronil gel bait was 0.846 5(0.464 7-1.228 0)d, and increased by 5.42, 2.09 and 1.48 times, respectively, in the first, second and third chain experiments.The LT50 of the efficacy test with 2.15% imidacloprid gel bait was 3.192 1(2.865 0-3.506 0)d, and increased by 1.13, 1.65 and 1.15 times, respectively in the first, second and third chain experiments.The LT50 of the efficacy test with 0.5% dinotefuran gel bait was 0.997 1(0.805 8-1.191 6) d, and increased by 3.85, 1.37 and 1.78 times, respectively in the first, second and third chain experiments. Conclusion In the laboratory killing efficacy test, 1% chlorpyrifos, 0.05% fipronil, and 0.5% dinotefuran gel baits are better than 2.15% imidacloprid gel bait.In the chain-killing efficacy test, 2.15% imidacloprid and 0.5% dinotefuran gel baits are better than 1% chlorpyrifos and 0.05% fipronil gel baits.Based on our results, we recommend the use of 0.5% dinotefuran gel bait for comprehensive and sustained killing effect.

Persistence of rabies antibody 3 years after postexposure prophylaxis with 2-1-1 regimen of Vero-cell rabies vaccine for human use and antibody response to two booster doses / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the antibody persistence following rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with 2-1-1 regimen and antibody response to two booster doses. Methods A total of 314 healthy volunteers at year 1, year 2, year 3 who had received a complete rabies PEP using 2-1-1 regimen were recruited. Two booster doses of rabies vaccine were inoculated, and blood samples were obtained before and 14 days after two booster doses. Human rabies virus IgG antibody was evaluated by ELISA, and the antibody levels and antibody positive rates were analyzed. Results The antibody GMC of 303 people at year 1, year 2, year 3 after a complete immunization was 1.33 IU/mL, 1.04 IU/mL and 0.72 IU/mL, with an antibody positive rate of 77.78%, 66.67% and 55.56%, respectively. Among 282 people who received 2 doses for booster immunization, the antibody GMC at day 14 of 1 year, 2 year and 3 year immunization group was 16.83 IU/mL, 19.37 IU/mL and 21.05 IU/mL respectively, which was higher than that before booster immunization (t=16.54, P<0.001; t=13.85, P<0.001; t=16.02, P<0.001). The antibody positive rate was 100.00%, 99.00% and 100.00%, respectively. Conclusions The immune persistence of rabies antibody after PEP with antirabies vaccine using the 2-1-1 regimen is good so as to the immune response after 2 doses of booster immunization in 3 years is effective.

Effect of Mangiferin on Proliferation of FLT3-ITD Mutation Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell MV4-11 and Its Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of mangiferin on proliferation, apoptosis and cycle of FLT3-ITD mutation-positive acute myeloid leukemia cells and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#The effects of different concentration of mangiferin on proliferation of MV4-11 cells were detected by CCK8 method. Apoptosis, cell cycle and FLT3 transmembrane protein expression were detected by flow cytometry. FLT3 mRNA expression was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .@*RESULTS@#Mangiferin obviously inhibited MV4-11 proliferation in a concentration and time dependent manner (48 h，r=0.922；72 h，r=0.959；96 h，r=0.973). The ratio of G0/G1 phase in cell cycle increased with the enhancement of concentration of mangiferin in MV4-11 cells for 48 h, and the ratio of S phase decreased with enhasment of concentration. The increase of apoptosis was more obvious. The expression of FLT3 transmembrane protein significantly decreased after the actior of IC50 concentration of mangiferin in MV4-11 cells for 48 h. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of FLT3 mRNA significantly decreased after treatment of MN4-11 cells with mangiferin (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Mangiferin inhibits MV4-11 cell proliferation, arrests cell cycle progression and promotes apoptosis, which may be related with the inhibition of FLT3 activity by mangiferin and the subsequent signaling pathways involved in apoptosis and proliferation of cells.

Recurrence of uterine fibroids / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

Recurrence of uterine fibroids after myomectomy is common,and the mechanism of recurrence is unknown.The recurrence rate may be related to the number,size and type of fibroids.The treatment for recurrent uterine fibroids is the same as that for primary fibroids.Currently,there is no effective method or drug to prevent recurrence. The risk of recurrence should be assessed at the same time with surgery,and postoperative guidance and follow-up should be done.

Epidemiology and relevant factors of iron-deficiency anemia among children in plateau areas / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the epidemiology of iron-deficiency anemia among children aged 0-6 years in plateau area,and to provide a basis for the formulation of prevention and treatment measures for anemia.@*Methods@#A total of 1 512 children aged 0-6 years were randomly selected from 4 counties in plateau area by stratified and cluster sampling. Blood hemoglobin level was tested. Child dietary behaviors were collected from their parents.@*Results@#There were significant differences in the prevalence of children with different age, family location, education level of main dependants, occupation of main dependants and per capita income of family(χ2=12.83,39.48,27.05,44.26,32.45, P<0.05).No significant difference for anemia prevalence in gender and nationality was found. The prevalence of anemia among children aged 0-6 years was 67.0%, and the prevalence was highest among children aged 1 years while decreased with age.Univariate analysis of variance showed that the prevalence anemia was 74.0% in rural children, which was significantly higher than children in urban area 58.6%(χ2=39.48,P<0.05). Low education and income level of caregiver, husbandry in the family, no exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months, and picky eaters positively associated with high prevalence of anemia. The prevalence rate of anemia in 0-6 months old infants fed with mixed feeding and artificial feeding (73.1%, 75.0%) was higher than that of breast feeding (48.9%) (χ2=6.78, P<0.05). Picky eating can lead to a high incidence of anemia in children.@*Conclusion@#Promoting healthy diets and correcting unhealthy dietary pattern through nutrition education to parents might be effective ways to lower the prevalence of anemia among children in plateau areas.

Comparison of the effect of navigation template assisted spinal pedicle fixation and traditional pedicle screw fixation:a Meta-analysis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To systematically evaluate the efficacy of rapid prototyping drill navigation template-assisted pedicle screw fixation and traditional anatomic landmark-based fixation in the treatment of spinal disease by accessing and searching some relevant literatures home and abroad.@*METHODS@#Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and prospective case-control studies or retrospective case-control studies about rapid prototyping drill templates-assisted pedicle screw fixation and traditional anatomic landmark-based fixation for the treatment of spinal disease were searched electronically in PubMed, The Cochrane Library(Issue 5, 2017), Clinical Trial, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database before June 2017. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened the literatures, and extracted the data. The methodological quality of randomized controlled trials were evaluated by the Cochrane Handbook, and prospective case-control studies and retrospective case-control studies were evaluated by the NOS scale. The outcomes were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane information management system.@*RESULTS@#A total of 7 articles were included, including 2 RCTs, 1 prospective case-control study and 4 retrospective case-control studies. A total of 237 patients were implanted with 1 688 pedicle screws, including 898 screws in the navigation template group, 790 screws in the conventional method group. Meta-analysis results showed that there was significant difference in the excellent rate of screw implantation between navigation template group and conventional method group [OR=5.05, 95% CI(3.13, 8.16), <0.000 01], there was significant difference in operative time, intraoperative blood loss for thoracolumbar surgery [WMD=-27.19, 95% CI(-38.21, -16.17), <0.000 01; WMD=-100.82, 95% CI(-182.26, -19.37), =0.02].@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with traditional pedicle screw fixation, navigation template spine pedicle screw fixation has better clinical effect, which can improve the excellent rate of screw placement, reduce the operation time and intraoperative bleeding.

Rapid prototyping navigation template assisted cervical screw implantation:a review / 中国骨伤

The cervical screw fixation has been used widely in the clinic setting due to the high fusion rate, immediate fixation of the surgical segment and good correction of the deformity. However, owing to the variation of anatomical structures and the narrow pedicle screws, it's rather difficult to implant the screws through traditional methods. The perforation rate of the screw is high, which can cause serious complications such as neurovascular injury. In recent years, rapid prototyping navigation templates have been reported in the appilication to assist cervical screw placement for improving the accuracy of screw placement. In this paper, we reviewed and summarized published literatures about navigation template assisted cervical screw implantation in the past 20 years, systematically introduced the methods of producing and using of navigation templates, the development of design concept and the status of application in cervical spine surgery. To date, relevant clinical and cadaveric studies confirm that the use of rapid prototyping navigation template assisted cervical screw placement in cervical surgery can reduce screw perforation rate, intraoperative ionizing radiation injury and operation time, which is worth applying in the clinical practice. However, specific clinical effects of different design types of navigation templates are not well summarized. As a result, more clinical and cadaveric studies comparing the accuracy and safety of navigation templates of different design types are needed to help clinicians select the appropriate navigation template for surgery.

Research advances in the role of aptamers in the diagnosis and targeted therapy of pediatric cancer / 中国当代儿科杂志

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA which are isolated from synthesized random oligonucleotide library in vitro via systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and can bind to metal ions, small molecules, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and others targets with high affinity and specificity. Aptamers have the advantages of simple preparation, good thermal stability, and low immunogenicity and have great potential in the medical fields such as molecular imaging, biosensing, early diagnosis of diseases, and targeted therapy. Aptamer technology may be useful for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of pediatric cancer, and may avoid the side effects of conventional chemotherapy, such as growth and development disorders and long-term organ dysfunction. This article reviews the latest research advances in the selection and application of aptamers for pediatric cancer.

Effects of copper content on the antibacterial performance and corrosion resistance of CoCrMoCu alloy / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to determine the effects of copper content on the corrosion resistance of CoCrMoCu alloy and its in vitro antibacterial performance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CoCrMoCu specimens with different Cu contents (2%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) were prepared by vacuum melting method. CoCrMo without Cu served as control. The corrosion resistance of the specimens was measured by electrochemistry. The antibacterial effects of the specimens on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were analyzed by coating-film method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with CoCrMo without Cu, the addition of 2%-5% Cu to CoCrMo improved the pitting and uniform corrosion of CoCrMo alloy and decreased the corrosion current density. The antibacterial performance of CoCrMoCu alloy increased with increased Cu content. The antibacterial rate of alloy was 99% when Cu content exceeded 5%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cu addition had a statistically significant influence on the corrosion resistance and antibacterial performance of CoCrMoCu. CoCrMoCu has better corrosion resistance and antibacterial performance when Cu content is 5%.</p>